Benefits and costs of public participation Benefits of public participationThe benefits of participation are often considered to be:Improved governance, including increased democratic…
Efficiency and effectiveness of services, projects and programmes The benefits of participation here tend to be based on findings that conventional, externally driven and expert-led services, projects and programmes…
Quality and legitimacy of decision-making Modern decision-making takes place in a complex, constantly changing context that demands different ways of making and implementing…
Citizenship and governance The participation literature has increasingly focused on the citizenship aspects of participation, particularly the ‘rights and responsibilities’…
Costs of public participation There is far less literature on the costs of participation than the benefits, although there is material on the dangers, risks etc. Against the tide…
